The Effect of Four Weeks of Physical Activity on Inflammation and Plasticity of WDR Neurons in the Dorsal Horn of The Spinal Cord in Mice with Multiple sclerosis
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شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22089/ssrc.2024.4226
کد مقاله : 1194-SSRC
نویسندگان
1استادیار، گروه فیزیولوژی فعالیت ورزشی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی و تندرستی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
2گروه فیزیولوژی فعالیت ورزشی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی و تندرستی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
3استاد، گروه فیزیولوژی فعالیت ورزشی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی و تندرستی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
چکیده
Introduction: One of the most important symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS) that directly affects daily quality of life of MS patients is neuropathic pain, which affects 55-60% of patients. Inflammation plays an important role in the development of neuropathic pain. An excessive increase in the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin1 beta (IL-1β) are associated with Changes in the morphology of dendrites and the function of nerve circuits in pain-sensing neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord ultimately led to increasing pain hypersensitivity. Regular exercise as a non-pharmacological intervention plays an important role in improving the secondary symptoms caused by neurodegeneration, such as fatigue, neuropathic pain and depression in patients with MS. This study aimed to investigate the effect of four weeks of physical activity in an enriched environment on inflammation and structural changes of WDR neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, and pain sensitivity in the chronic course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model used to study the immunopathogenesis of MS.
Materials and Methods: Thirty female C57BL6 mice were randomly divided into three groups Thirty female C57BL6 mice were divided into three groups: control, EAE, and enriched environment. After induction of EAE with MOG35-55, the environmental enrichment group lived in an enriched environment for four weeks. On day 30 post-induction (chronic period of the disease), the formalin test assessed pain sensitivity. Then the mice were anesthetized with ketamine and xylazine, and the spinal cord tissue was removed. TNF-α and IL-1β protein levels were measured by immunohistochemistry. The length and density of dendritic spines were assessed using the Golgi-Cox staining.
Result: Our findings showed that living in an IL-1β significantly reduced TNF-α and IL-1β levels, the length and density of dendritic spines of WDR neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, and pain sensitivity compared to the EAE group.
Conclusion: Changing the environment and lifestyle to a happy and enriched environment and active lifestyle could reduce pain sensitivity in MS by preventing inflammation and structural changes in pain-sensing neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.
Materials and Methods: Thirty female C57BL6 mice were randomly divided into three groups Thirty female C57BL6 mice were divided into three groups: control, EAE, and enriched environment. After induction of EAE with MOG35-55, the environmental enrichment group lived in an enriched environment for four weeks. On day 30 post-induction (chronic period of the disease), the formalin test assessed pain sensitivity. Then the mice were anesthetized with ketamine and xylazine, and the spinal cord tissue was removed. TNF-α and IL-1β protein levels were measured by immunohistochemistry. The length and density of dendritic spines were assessed using the Golgi-Cox staining.
Result: Our findings showed that living in an IL-1β significantly reduced TNF-α and IL-1β levels, the length and density of dendritic spines of WDR neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, and pain sensitivity compared to the EAE group.
Conclusion: Changing the environment and lifestyle to a happy and enriched environment and active lifestyle could reduce pain sensitivity in MS by preventing inflammation and structural changes in pain-sensing neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.
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