The effect of inherent and acquired stereotype threat on the performance and working memory of female students in soccer dribbling training
Poster Presentation
Paper ID : 1674-SSRC
Authors
1urmia university
2استاد رفتارحرکتی دانشکده علوم ورزشی ارومیه
3پیام نور مرکز ارومیه
Abstract
The effect of inherent and acquired stereotype threat on the performance and working memory of female students in soccer dribbling training
Sara Soltanifar, Hasan Mohammadzadeh, Mandana Heydari
Before 1928, women were not allowed to compete in track and field in Olympic events. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) claimed that endurance competitions were not suitable for women (for a review, see Gallucci, 2014). In the last two decades, these types of stereotypical beliefs and their effect on human performance, have been of interest to many researchers.
Objective: The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of gender stereotypes threat and conceptions of Ability on (a) motor performance (soccer dribbling) and (b) working memory (2- back) in young adolescent girls.
Method: Ninety participants (Mage = 14.02 years old) were randomly divided to six groups: female examiner and male referee, male examiner and female referee, control. Each group was further randomly divided into inherent ability and acquired skill subgroups. Then, after the individuals performed three trials in the pre test, they performed 12 blocks of five trials in practice phase and then retention and transfer (under pressure) tests, 48 hr after the stereotype manipulation for both tests with one block of five trials performed.
Results: findings showed that there was no significant difference between the groups in the acquisition phase of the soccer dribbling task and working memory (p >.05), but there was a significant difference in retention test between the time scores in the soccer dribbling task and between error scores in the transfer test.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that Stigmatized populations may be forced to cope with stereotype threat while learning sport motor skills and indicate the importance of further studies testing strategies should further investigate the effects of stereotypes threat.
Keywords: Stereotype threat, soccer dribbling, n-back test, motor skills
Sara Soltanifar, Hasan Mohammadzadeh, Mandana Heydari
Before 1928, women were not allowed to compete in track and field in Olympic events. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) claimed that endurance competitions were not suitable for women (for a review, see Gallucci, 2014). In the last two decades, these types of stereotypical beliefs and their effect on human performance, have been of interest to many researchers.
Objective: The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of gender stereotypes threat and conceptions of Ability on (a) motor performance (soccer dribbling) and (b) working memory (2- back) in young adolescent girls.
Method: Ninety participants (Mage = 14.02 years old) were randomly divided to six groups: female examiner and male referee, male examiner and female referee, control. Each group was further randomly divided into inherent ability and acquired skill subgroups. Then, after the individuals performed three trials in the pre test, they performed 12 blocks of five trials in practice phase and then retention and transfer (under pressure) tests, 48 hr after the stereotype manipulation for both tests with one block of five trials performed.
Results: findings showed that there was no significant difference between the groups in the acquisition phase of the soccer dribbling task and working memory (p >.05), but there was a significant difference in retention test between the time scores in the soccer dribbling task and between error scores in the transfer test.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that Stigmatized populations may be forced to cope with stereotype threat while learning sport motor skills and indicate the importance of further studies testing strategies should further investigate the effects of stereotypes threat.
Keywords: Stereotype threat, soccer dribbling, n-back test, motor skills
Keywords